Excuse me
Excuse me
强调性内容
Vocabulary
critical
posepassively
panickrd panic 过去分词 过去式
attempt
outline
effective
anticipate
available
evidence 证据
affect、effect、influence的区别
Denotation安装、安置
一 现在完成时的含义
现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一个过去,一是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),而这种影响(或结果)却往往是说话人的兴趣所在,所以常常后面不用时间状语。
二 现在完成时的构成
主语+Have/has +过去分词(v-ed形式)
三 现在完成时的主要用法
1)表示过去所做的事对现在的影响或结果,现在完成时所表示的动作里说话人的说话时间可远可近
第一,表示时间很近
The car has arrived.
someone has broken the window.
第二,表示时间比较远
He has traveled over many lands.
She has had a good education.
2)有时可以与现在完成时连用,表示完成一个以上,相互连接的动作。
They have gone to the moon and come back to earth again.
the river has been the scourge to china, but we have tamed it at last.
3)注意have been 与have gone的意思不同。
I have been to the library--(have been意为"去而复返")
He has gone to the library--(has gone意为"去而未归")
4)和现在一般时一样,现在完成时亦可用于死者
第一,死者刚过世不久,生者觉得他还在人间。
It's beautiful place,you papa has told me about it,he loved it very much.
第二,指名人。他们虽已死去,但其言行对现在仍有影响。
Shakespeare has written most of the best plays we know.
newton has explained the movements of the moon from the attractions of the earth.
5)现在完成时表示持续和重复。
第一,用无限动词表示持续。
i have been here here since last October.
she has taught us since i came to this school.
第二,也可以用有限的动词表示持续。
The two leaders have met for two hours.
since when have you become active?
第三,表去过去重复的动作,这种现在完成时常与always,offer,many times,every day等时间状语连用。
My father has always gone to work by bike.
six times he has tried and six times he has failed.
6)现在完成时表示将来。
第一,在时间状语从句里表示将来。
We are going after we've had breakfast.
I'll wait until he has written his letter.
第二,有时现在完成时可以从属将来一般时,用在宾语从句中表示将来。
The test question will be spoken just one time,you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker has said.
第三,代替将来完成时,强调一种自然的或必然的结果。
There is but one more question:then i have done.
if i blow the whistle and they do not come back,then we have had it.
7)现在完成时和其他词语连用。
第一,与宾语从句连用,后接的宾语从句可用任何时态。
Have you found out how wide the ditch was?--指量够时的宽度)
have you found out how wide the ditch is?--(指现在沟仍有的宽度)
第二,与时间状语连用。
The rain has stopped now.
i have got up very early this morning.
第三,与since 连用。
i have seen him offer since i have lived here.
nothing has been quite the same over since.
第四,与介词短语连用
He has usually finished all his correspondence before bed time.
the state has not existed from all eternity.
第五,与 long ago连用。
Fennny has long ago left me.
I have ceased to believe they long ago.
Cease fire 停火
第六,与疑问副词连用。
How have you done it?
why has the child run away:
where have you been?
第七,与其他时态连用。
My friend gave it to me,and i have since kept it in the drawer.
prefessor Lin left yesterday for America where a lecture-tour has been arranged for him.
代沟generating gap~ refers to
1.posts 职位
2.parents 父母
3.sketch 介绍
4.intend to do 你打算做什么事
5.match 比赛
6.describe 描述
7.represent 描述
8.turning point 转折点
9.gives in 屈服
10.promising 有前途的
1.installed 安装
1.follow 都可以
2.outgoing 外向
3.they them 代词
4.community colleges 社区大学
5.重复或用近义词
6.argue 争吵
7.重复是文章排比且流程连贯
8.colleting stamps 收集邮票
9.enrich 丰富
10.kinds of 各种各样
11.olympic 奥林匹克
12.capital 首都
13.good time 好时光
14.that is to say 也就是说
15.practice 实践
16.easy 容易
1.第三人称动词后面加s
2.brush 刷牙
1、paradise n. 天堂
2、luxury n. 奢侈品,奢侈,豪华
luxurious adj. 奢侈的,豪华的
luxuriant adj. 繁茂的,茂盛的
reserve v. 保留,预订,延期
二、表示事实
表示事实的句子往往也带有明显的标志,如for example, for instance, in America,还有一些数据等都是事实细节的标志。
谁了什么,忘记了什么。想起了she'me
词汇学习,多一义词同义词。反义词。上义词。下义词。
现在进行时
主语+be +现在分词(V-ing)
1、表示现在正在进行的动作
2、有时进行时所表示的动作并不一定在说话人的说话时刻进行,而是在包括说话时刻在内的的一段时间中及进行。
eg:George is translating a book乔治现在在翻译一本书
3、第一:表示重复
the boy is jumping with joy
第二:表示目前的情况
i am not sleeping well ,i want to take a holiday .
第三:*用来描写一种状态,显得生 动,具有感情色彩
*用英语状语、宾语、状语从句
4、还可以表示将来,表将来有”意图“”安排“”打算“的含义
5、现在进行时表将来
第一:用于转移动词
he is leaving tomorrow他明天就走
第二:用于非转移动词
i am meeting you after class课后我找你
第三:表示下决心
i am not waiting any longer 我再也不等了
第四:表示命令,但语气比较温和
don't forget ,you are taking part too.别忘了你也要参加
第五:用在时间、条件、或原因状语从句中表示将来
第六:用在间接引语中,表示说话人相信它将是事实。
he said he is going tomorrow .
他说他明天走
第七:表示距离将来比较近的时间
第八;不表示具体的时间,而是泛指一切时间
whenever i see him ,he is reading.
现在完成时
一 现在完成时的含义
现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一个过去,一是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),而这种影响(或结果)却往往是说话人的兴趣所在,所以常常后面不用时间状语。
二 现在完成时的构成
主语+Have/has +过去分词(v-ed形式)
三 现在完成时的主要用法
1)表示过去所做的事对现在的影响或结果,现在完成时所表示的动作里说话人的说话时间可远可近
第一,表示时间很近
The car has arrived.
someone has broken the window.
第二,表示时间比较远
He has traveled over many lands.
She has had a good education.
2)有时可以与现在完成时连用,表示完成一个以上,相互连接的动作。
They have gone to the moon and come back to earth again.
the river has been the scourge to china, but we have tamed it at last.
3)注意have been 与have gone的意思不同。
I have been to the library--(have been意为"去而复返")
He has gone to the library--(has gone意为"去而未归")
4)和现在一般时一样,现在完成时亦可用于死者
第一,死者刚过世不久,生者觉得他还在人间。
It's beautiful place,you papa has told me about it,he loved it very much.
第二,指名人。他们虽已死去,但其言行对现在仍有影响。
Shakespeare has written most of the best plays we know.
newton has explained the movements of the moon from the attractions of the earth.
5)现在完成时表示持续和重复。
第一,用无限动词表示持续。
i have been here here since last October.
she has taught us since i came to this school.
第二,也可以用有限的动词表示持续。
The two leaders have met for two hours.
since when have you become active?
第三,表去过去重复的动作,这种现在完成时常与always,offer,many times,every day等时间状语连用。
My father has always gone to work by bike.
six times he has tried and six times he has failed.
6)现在完成时表示将来。
第一,在时间状语从句里表示将来。
We are going after we've had breakfast.
I'll wait until he has written his letter.
第二,有时现在完成时可以从属将来一般时,用在宾语从句中表示将来。
The test question will be spoken just one time,you must listen very carefully in order to understand what the speaker has said.
第三,代替将来完成时,强调一种自然的或必然的结果。
There is but one more question:then i have done.
if i blow the whistle and they do not come back,then we have had it.
7)现在完成时和其他词语连用。
第一,与宾语从句连用,后接的宾语从句可用任何时态。
Have you found out how wide the ditch was?--指量够时的宽度)
have you found out how wide the ditch is?--(指现在沟仍有的宽度)
第二,与时间状语连用。
The rain has stopped now.
i have got up very early this morning.
第三,与since 连用。
i have seen him offer since i have lived here.
nothing has been quite the same over since.
第四,与介词短语连用
He has usually finished all his correspondence before bed time.
the state has not existed from all eternity.
第五,与 long ago连用。
Fennny has long ago left me.
I have ceased to believe they long ago.
Cease fire 停火
第六,与疑问副词连用。
How have you done it?
why has the child run away:
where have you been?
第七,与其他时态连用。
My friend gave it to me,and i have since kept it in the drawer.
prefessor Lin left yesterday for America where a lecture-tour has been arranged for him.
1、recipient 接收者
2、obtain 得到
3、manipulate 操纵,操作
4. affect:主要指一时的影响/不分好坏,着重动作
efffect:有时用作及物动词,但不表示‘影响’
influence:主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生的间接的影响。既是名词又是动词
5、whether......or......无论都
6、stove .n. 炉子,窑
7、incorporate . vt.包含,包括,合并,使组成公司 incorporatable. adj incorporation .n .
8、appliance 器具,用具
electrical appliance 电器
safety appliance安全用具
9、whisk 扫把,搅拌器
whisk vt .拂,迅速搅拌,移动
10、as +adj /adv +as 和......一样
其否定形式为在as前加not
若有修饰成分twice ,three,half, a quarter等,则须置于第一个as之前
e.g:Your bag is twice as expensive as mine
*as ......as possible尽快
* as .......as usual /before和过去一样忙
e.g :she looks as pretty as before
*as long as +年数/天数
*as far as 多远,尽可能的远
*as well as 和....一样好
eg: as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙
11、design 。n.设计,图样 /vt设计,计划
12、package .n.包装用物,包装
动词为 “把........包装,打包'
plain looking不好看
good looking好看
over package 过度包装
13、constantly adv .不断地,继续地
形容词义为不断的,时常
14、specialized vt.使特殊化,限定.......的范围
15、impact n/vt 影响,冲击,作用
16、carve a path into 开创一条.........的道路
17、in the form of 以.......的形式
18、interactive adj .交互的,,互相影响的
19、名词作同位语
an electronic board .....mouse是一个同
位语
短语作同位语
直接引语作同位语
20、presentation n.演出,演讲,演示
present vt .
21、paly trickas with 做什么手脚,耍把戏,玩诡计 =tease
*paly tricks on sb .捉弄某人
*do the trick达到目的,有效
22、uoside down 。颠倒,混乱
inside out 彻底地,里朝外地
23、lighting .n.照明,发光
lighten 当vi 翻译为照亮,使人高兴起来
24、dependent on 以来,依靠某物或某人
反义词:independent .adj.独立的
independent of 独立..
25、consequence n.结果/后果,自大/重要性
区别result ,前者表示坏的结果,后者表示中性有好有坏
1、Could you help me with this?
你能帮助我解决这个吗?
2、What would you do?
你会怎么做呢?
3、What do you think I should do?
你觉得我该怎么办?
4、How am I going to do this?
我该怎么解决这个问题?
5、What are your idears?
你有什么主意?
Giving suggestions
*If I were you ,I would ......
如果我是你,我会。。。。
*I think you should ....
我认为你应该。。。。。
*You really have to ....
你真的应该。。。
*Why dont you try this ?
为什么不这样呢?
*Why not thinking about it in another way?
为什么不换个方式考虑呢
Responding to suggestions
1、That's a good idea.这是个好主意
2、You are right .I should do that.
3.Thanks a lot .You are very helpful.
*hit the books 刻苦学习
*form a study group with 与。。。。组成学习小组
efficient 有效率的
I like/love/enjoy... 我喜欢/爱/酷爱
I like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事
I like to do表示一次性的行为,like doing 一直喜欢的事情
enjoy doing sth
I like... very much/a lot. 我非常喜欢......
I am rather keen on... /I am (very) fond of...
我非常喜欢......
I like... best. 我最喜欢......
I like... better than... 和......相比,我更喜欢......
I prefer (to)... 我偏爱......
I am interested in sth/ doing sth... 我对......感兴趣
I don't like... 我不喜欢......
I hate... 我讨厌......
I'm afraid i don't like ... 恐怕我不喜欢......
I really don't care for... 我很不喜欢......
care about 在乎
I can't stand/bear... 我忍受不了......
I don't like (doing)/I hate to (do)... 我不愿(做)
I've never liked ... 我从来没不喜欢......