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《英语(二)》
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1、have the courage to 有勇气去做某事

face the music 勇于承担后果

pursue one`s dream(s)    追求梦想

pursue vt. follow in or in pursuit  追求,追捕

2、doubt  vt. 不信任,怀疑

n.  怀疑,疑惑;不确定

常用短语:without doubt  无疑地

take inspiration from sth/doing sth 从.....受到鼓舞;得到启示或灵感

inspiraton n.  鼓舞;激励;启示

inspire  vt. 鼓舞,激发,赋予灵感

3、like 介词  像.....一样

4、actually  adv. in actual fact  实际上

5、 cycling  n.  骑自行车

cycle  v. 循环;骑自行车;  n. 循坏

automatically  自动地    automatic  v.

automation  n.  自动,自动化

6、transportation n.运输;运输工具;运输系统

transport v. 运输,运送

trans—前缀:表示“横过,贯穿“

7、spend time(in doing sth./ on sth.)... 花费时间(做某事/在某事上)

词义辨析:cost, spend, take这些词均含“花费”之意。

cost:指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物,而不能由人充当,也不用被动形式。

spend:普通用词,与cost基本同义,但主语必须是人。

take:普通用词,指需要占用空间、时间或精力等,其主语可以是人,也可以是一件事情。

 

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1.expression n 表情,表示,表达

 Beyond expression 美的无法形容

  Expressive adj, 表达的,意味深长的,富于表情的

2.think green 绿色思维;act green 绿色行动

3.without 用法小结

A. 1)(表示否定)没有,无,不需

2)(用在no,not,never等否定副词后,强调肯定)没有...不,没有...则不能..(每...必定...).

3)(与-ing 形式连用),不,无,没。

4)(表示条件)若无,若非

B.( 1) 作表语的用法

without 引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语。

1)后接复合宾语的用法一 

  without+宾语+副词

2)后接复合宾语的用法二

  without+宾语+介词短语

3)后接复合宾语的用法三

  without+宾语+动名词

4)后接复合宾语的用法四

  without+宾语+不定式

(2.)用于虚拟语气

without 有时可表示条件引出虚拟语气,与but for 大致同义。

Without a and b 与 without a or b 两者基本同义,相当于without a and without b,即同时否定a 和b两者。

4.napkin n 餐巾,一小块布或包巾

  Lay-laid-lain 

5.warp n,围巾,披肩,包装材料

          V.包,裹,覆盖,隐藏

6.run out of 用完,耗尽

  Run into=encounter 偶然遇见,与...相撞

  Run it down 具实以告,说真话

  Run off 逃跑,溜掉

  Run over 超过,碾过,匆匆浏览

7. Cut down on 减少,削减

   Consumer -consumption  

   Cut and dried 固定的,已成定局的

   cut cells 剪切单元格

   Cut away 切掉,切除

   Cut  corners 抄近路,用最简捷经济的方法

   Cut down to size 降低威望

    cut dirt 急忙逃走

    cut in 切入,插嘴,超车

8. Start +v(ing)开始做某事

    Start up 开动,创办

    Start out 开始,出发,着手进行

    start with 从...开始

    flying start 快速起动,迅速发展

9.instead of 代替,而不是

10.over-packaged 过分包装

11.cleaning products 清洁用品

  Cooking product 厨具

  Dining product 餐具

12.solution n 解决办法,解答,溶液

  test solution  试液

  Solid solution 固液体

  Cleaning solution 澄清液,清洗液

  Aqueous solution 水溶液

  Balanced solution 平衡容易

  Concentrated solution 浓缩液,浓缩溶液

  Strong solution 浓溶液

13. Community n 社区社会,共同体,公众,团体

  Community service 社区服务,义务劳动

  Community college  社区学院

  Community center 社区活动中心

  European community 欧洲共同体

   French community 法兰西共同市场

  Regional community 区域群落

  community planing 社区规划

14. Valuable adj 贵重的,宝贵的

15. valuable 和 precious 这两个形容词均含"贵重的,有价值的"之意。

Valuable:指有相当价值的,可高价出售的,或有用,有益的东西;

Precious:指因稀罕,不容易得到而很值钱,或因本身的品质而具有极大的价值。

16.valueless adj 无价值的,不值钱的,不足道的

Invaluable adj, 无价的,非常珍贵的

17.item n 项目,一件商品(或物品),一则新闻

Pass on to 继续进行

Key item 关键项目,重点项目

Export item 出口项目/import item 进口项目

item record 项目记录

Continuous item 连续项目

18.teach sb to do sth 教sb 做事情

19.litter v 乱丢垃圾,弄乱 n  垃圾,杂乱

Litter bin 废物箱

litter up 乱丢废物;使混乱

litter with 散落着

litter about 到处乱丢

litter bag 废物袋

No litter 不要乱扔纸屑

Ground litter 枯枝落叶层

20.role model 榜样 =set an example for ..

be/act as a role model for...为...树立榜样

set a model for...为...树立榜样

exercises:

1.water recycle is a good way to save our resources.

2.there are three main items on our agenda.

3.add the vinegar and salt and cook for a further 2 minutes.

4.he groped for a solution to his problem.

5.warp plenty of paper round it.

6.he had a passive expression on his face.

7.the family is the center of the community.

8.he littered the Sunday paper all over the floor

9.this method of recycling the waste materials is a wonderful way of reducing.

10.having failed so many times,we have run out of ideas.

11.we are frequently reminded to cut down on our fat intake.

12.There's a danger of the government falling because it will lose its majority.

13.researchers need a growing supply of fuel to countinue their project.

14.we can make useful chemical fertilizer from waste liquid.

15.pop music dose not have to be trash,it can be art.

16.conditions are gettting worse and food is running out.

17.to operate regularly,the brain requires a constant supply of oxygen,

18.it's worth checking each item for obvious flaws.

19.those books looked old,dusty and unused for a long time.

20.attempts to reach a mutually agreed solution had been fruitless.

21.the sole reason the recycle bin exists is to implement an undo facility for deleted files.

22.laughtr is one of the most powerful expression of emotion.

23.if you want to live longer,you have to cut down on coffer and cigarettes.

24.this product can bring more hope to the patients in this community.

 

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Likes and dislikes

l like/love/enjoy..

I like ... very much/a lot.

I'm rather keen on.../I'm (very) fond of...

i like ..best.

i like ..better than..

i prefer..to

i'm interested in sth(doing sth)

 

I do not like...

i hate.. 

I'm afraid i do not like..

i really do not care for...

i can not stand/bear..

I do not like(doing)/i hate to (do)sth 

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一般现在时的用法

经常性或习惯性的动作表示频率的时间短语eceryday \usually\always\often

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同义词

反义词

上义词

同音同义词meat-meet\two -too

foour-flower

ninght-knight

多义词

常用的句套子、常用短语、词语搭配

内部语境、文化语境 间接语境

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Making an invitation:
●How about going with us for a lunch?
●Would you like to join us?
●I'd like to invite you to the party.
●Why don't come and join us for a dance?
●| wonder if you would like to come around andhave a meal sometime?
A: Joe, how are you doing today?
B: Pretty good. Mary, | was wondering if you would like to come to a party on Friday night?
A: | am free that night, and a party sounds good.
B: Fine. It will be at my house.
A: | would really like to bring my friend Jake, if that would be OK.
B: Oh yeah, | remember Jake. That would be fine.
A: Would you like some help with the food?
B: Just bring along whatever it is that you and Jake would like to drink.
A: Thanks for the invitation. See you then.

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I've always liked...    我一直喜欢....

I really go for ...       我很喜欢.....

I'm really fond of .....我很喜欢.....

I am/get excited about ....   我对....很感兴趣

I'm crazy  about ...   我迷上.....

I have a passion for .... 我酷爱......

I have a strang  interest in.....   我对...有浓厚的兴趣

 

 

 

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1.penniless 身无分文的- Penny 便士- pennies 

2.less-后缀,表示否定含义

Help--helpless 

color--colorless

end--endless

cae--careless 

power--powerless 

3.ride home 顺风车

4.leave for 出发去 , for 后+(目的地)地点

  leave (离开地点) for  (到达目的地)

5.grow up 长大;成长 (身体/思想)

  Gruw up+地点 

  Grown-up 成年人=adult 

6. The +形容词:表示一类人或一类(事)物

   monopoly:mono =uni 一

   Bicycle: bi 二

   Tricycle: tri 三

   Distinguish a from b :把 a 和 b 区分开来 

7. poverty 名词 贫困频发-- richness 富裕丰富

  Unemployment 失业=Enemployment 就业   

 Poverty line 贫困线

 War against poverty 向贫困宣战

 Poverty-stricken 非常贫穷的

8. Be on the stage 登台献艺,上台表演

9. that 引导的是同位语从句,对与之同位的名词作进一步的解释,同位语从句一般只由"that"引导,常用在idea,fact,concept,doubt,news,belief,hope,evidence, explanation, opinion, plan,proposal,sign,suggestion, truth, theory, thought 等抽象名词后

10. Her son dreamed that he could succeed where she had failed. 

  本句中,that 引导了一个宾语从句,表达Dream的内容,"where she had failed'是定语从句,修饰前面"梦想能够成功这一内容",关系副词"where"在定语中作状语。

They generally go to places where the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful. 

11. By +年份  到...年

    come true  实现;成真

 12. Admire vt 钦佩;羡慕;赞美

      Admiration n 钦佩;赞赏

      Admirable  adj 令人钦佩的

     Under stress 承受压力

13. Reach the top of...到达...的顶峰

     Huge adj. 巨大的;庞大的;极大的;

 14. Make a huge success 取得巨大的成功

      Make 常常和表示动作的名词连用,表示动作

     Make an explanation 进行解释

     Make an change 变化

15. Develop the character 创造角色

    Character n, 个性;品质;字符;人物

 16. connect v 连接;接通;联系

   Be connected with 和--联系起来

17. Go with  相配,很合适;和谁一起

18. pass 通过;度过;传递

  1)可表示"穿过""度过""从..旁边经过"

  2)pass an examination 表示再一次考试里及格   

  3)pass over 忽略,省略

  4)pass on ..to ..把..传递或转告给...

  5)pass for  被认为是... 常用语主动语态

19. allow vt 允许;留出,同意

     Allow for 考虑到 

    辨析:allow 和 permit 

1)两者可通用,均指"允许"且后面都可+宾语+不定式

2)当不存在宾语时,两词后+动名词

3)allow和permit还常用语被动语态

4)allow可与副词搭配使用,而permit不行。

    She wouldn't allow me in.

 5)allow有"容许,并不禁止"的意思,而permit指"准许",比allow更正式。

20. Make fun of 取笑..开玩笑 make fun of sb 

21. Punish v 惩罚 punishment n 

22. Distance n 距离,路程,远方

   In the distance 在远方,在远处

   distance adj 远程(教育的)

23. Nature n, 性质,天性

    To a great extent, 在很大程度上

    Natural adj, 自然的,天然的

24. Dream of..梦见,渴望

     Fulfill duty 履行职责   realize 实现

25. reach for 伸手去拿;努力争取

26. Get in the way 阻碍;妨碍 

     A lion in the way 拦路虎;困难

     Chickenhurt 胆小鬼

     Talk horse 吹牛

      Drink like a fish 牛饮,很能喝

27. Instead adv.  代替,反而

28. Write about 写;记述

      Write sb about sht

29. Cruel adj, 残酷的;残忍的;

      Cruel blow =heavy blow 

    Be cruel to sb sth 

    Cruelty n ,残酷,残忍

30. Mirror n 镜子;反映

31. Fear n. 担心;害怕;恐惧  v, 害怕,恐惧 

32. Suffering  n. 痛苦,受难

    Suffer from .. 受痛苦,受困难,患病

33. Separate v. 分开,隔开,区分

    Be Separated..from .. 分离

34. Courage n. 勇气,胆量

     Courageous adj, 有勇气的;有胆量的     

35. Strength n, 力气,力量

36. Struggle n, 斗争;奋斗

     Struggle for 为..努力

37. Point of view 观点,看法,见解

38. Settle down 安下心来;定居

39. It was not until that..直到...才..

40. award n,奖品,奖励/ v. 授予

  Sb was awarded sth 某人被授予

辨析:award 和 reward 

Award:侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励

Reward:指对品德高尚和勤奋的人所给予的奖励,也可指为某事付酬金。

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同义词   

autumn(英国用的比较多) -----   fall(美国比较多)

almost-------nearly

answer----------reply

反义词

quick(读音 亏科)--------slow(死露)

tall(高)----short(低)

man-------woman

dead-------alive

上义词

living things 概括所有有生命的东西

creature 动物

animal : horse  dog  snake

insect

plant 植物

tree  树

flower 花

vegetable 蔬菜

同音异义词

meat----------meet

two------------too

flour(面粉)------flower(花)

night-------knight

 

同形异义词

bank (of a river 河岸)---------bank(financial institution 银行)

 

race(contest of speed 比赛)-------race(ethnic group 种族)

pupil(at school)--------pupil(in the eye)

 

多义词 head  头;头部;头脑;脑筋;领导;主管;位于排行之首;排在前头

top of your body  顶端、头部

top of a company or department (公司或者部门高层)

the mind or brain  大脑、头脑

the part at the top of an object 

 

词的搭配

light beer  淡啤酒

weak tea  谈的茶

high mountains

tall trees 高的树

wide awake

sound asleep

make a mess 

make a mistake

make the beds

do the huosework

do the shopping

do your test

do your hair

east 东边

west wind  and east wind 东风

在别的国家 东风是冷的

在我们这边东风是暖的,西北风是冷的

所以这边说的冷风 一般是west wind

中国有诗

昨夜西风凋碧树,独上高楼,望尽天涯路

东风破早梅,向暖一支开。冰雪无人见,春从天上来。

 

预构成语块

常用短语

wait a minute

all the time

once in a while

I'd love to

 

不要孤立的背单次

语义与语境

不理解文化和语境

 

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active review suggestion

I must stress that what I say is confidential.

We led a hard life in times of stress.

reduce the stress

 

 

 

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has an opptunity

certainly  fast-forward

such as ,and so on

central heating

from top to boottom

 

 

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辨析事实与观点(1)

事实:事实就是对真实发生的事情或真实情况的讲述,是可以通过客观证据进行证实的信息,是我们实际经历或者观察到的事情。客观证据包括物证和证人的口头和书面证词。

观点:观点就是对事物的想法、信念、判断或者感情的描述。观点都是以事实为根据的,但是观点或看法仍然说明的是某个人对某件事的观点,而不是事实本身,是无法被客观证实的。

 

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段落写作:分类法

二、分类法段落的写作要领

(2)使用分类法写作时的常用词语。

类词:kind, type, group.thought, way, calss, part, element, factor, aspect, division, characteristic, subdivision, reasons, category, stage等等。

表示“分类”的词语:to divide...into, to calssify...into, to group...into, to fall into, to distinguish, to sub-divide, to sub-classify, to sub-categorize等。

表示“依据”的词语:according to, in term of, depending on, on the basis of, on the level of等。

 

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