课程特点

head 多义， 语义语境

such as 引导的是举例成份，在句子里面扮演的是次要角色，是对前面内容的细化补充，but转折句后面一般是重要信息。

段落写作：举例法

一、举例法

举例法是段落发展的一种主要方法。它是通过典型事例对主题进行说明。所举的事例一般是能使读者感受到的具体的事情，或者是读者较为熟悉的日常事件或现象，并且有助于说明主题句中的支配思想。

      举例法有两种形式，一种是首先称述自己的观点，然后举出一个或多个例子阐明观点；另一种是先举一个很长的例子，然后转入例子所要阐明的观点。

词汇之间的关系，同义词、反义词、上义词

Para 1

tend to do sth.

without 

amass possessions

amass

e.g. He is planning o amass a fortune for a rainy day.

a rainy day 

be aware of 

e.g.  Are you aware of the danger?

I was aways aware of my shortcomings.

merit  strong points weak points

possession n.

e.g. He was found in possession of dangerous drugs.

possess vt.

e.g. Different workers possess different skills.

own have 

delightful surprise 

which something useful  which = that 

e.g. I want to take away the book which you showed me yesterday.

delightful adj.

e.g. Life in the country is rather delightful.

delight n. 

take delight in ...

e.g. He takes delight in reading.

surprise n.

e.g. what a surprise!

surprise vt.

e.g. The news greatly surprised them.

in the belief that ...

e.g. I heard the news that our team had won.

belief n.

e.g. He has lost his belief in God.

beyond belief 

have belief in ...

description describe

reach within my 

have belief in ...

He has belive in God.

advantage n.

e.g. What is the advantage of using nuclear power?

He had the advantage of a good education.

disadvantage 

relaxation n.

e.g. What do you want to do for relaxation tonight?

relax vt.

e.g. He took a glass of beer and relaxed after a day's work.

The music will help to relax you.

relaxing adj.

e.g. It is rather relaxing to play a ball game after class.

treasure n.

e.g. Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key to it.

treasure vt.

e.g. Such a lesson should be treasured in our memories. 

national treasure  

priceless treaure 

art treasure 

house v. 

e.g. He tried to feed and house his family.

whateer 

e.g. whatever she did was right.

I will do whatever you wish.

e.g. Whatever we said, he'd disagree.

Whatever happened, I must be calm.

consist of...

e.g. As we know, famous rofk band "The Beatles" consists of four members.

be made up of ...consis of ... and be composed of ...

be made up of 

e.g. Pan is made up of iron.

be made up of 

e.g. Th team is made up of ten students. 

consist of ...

e.g. New York is a big city, consisting of five boroughs.

be comeposed of ...

e.g. Twenty students composed the school soccer team.

The school soccer team was composed of twenty students.

verify v.

e.g. He tried in every way to verify this theory.

verification n.

e.g. Please come to the police station with me for identity verification.

reference n.

e.g. This book is for reference only.

reference to 

e.g. All are admitted, without reference to age or sex.

With reference to this project, we have something to say.

refer (to) v.

e.g. This regulation refers only to children.

Don't refer to this matter again please.

refer to as... view as ... take sth. as... regard as ... 

e.g. English is referred to a universal language.

educate v.

e.g. It is not easy to educate teenagers. 

Teachers educate students to strive for success through their own efforts.

education n.

e.g. No country can afford to neglect education.

educated adj.

e.g. He is a well-educated man.

ill-educated adj.

bearing n.

e.g. We must consider this question in all its bearings.

bear v.

e.g.  The ice is too thin to bear your weight.

I can't bear having a cat in the house.

There are also other benefits.

benefit n.

e.g. This project is of great benefit to everyone.

Reading gives me a lot o benefits.

e.g. A large number of students will benefit from the new teaching method.

The new hospital will benefit the entire community.

for collectors ... 

e.g. He could not have seen me, for I was not there.

lead to 

e.g. Smoking can lead to lung cancer.

in search of ...

e.g. He's sailed the seven seas in search of adventure.

rare adj.

e.g. It is rare to find such a genius nowadays.

these rare tighers are protected by special laws.

rareness n.

scarce   rare 

scarce 

e.g. Food and fuel were scarce in this region.

rare 

e.g. A collector of rare insects will show us some of his latest discoveries.

confine 

e.g. We'll confine our discussion to the main issue.

confine to 

e.g. I wish you will confine your talk to 10 minutes.

He has been confined to bed for a whole week because of a bad cold.

if successful 是插入语 

authority n.

e.g. The government is the highest authority in the country.

We see him as an authority on the subject.

authorities pl.

e.g. The rapid spread of the disease is alarming the medical authorities. (local authories)

para.3

audience n.

e.g. Someone in the audience began to laugh.

The audience enjoyed every minute of the performance.

audience rating 

auience hall 

audience picture  block buster 

television audience 

confidence n.

e.g. She has great confidence in her success.

self-confidence 

confident adj.

be confident of ...

e.g. I am confident of his coming.

master v.

e.g. It's not easy to master a foreign language.

master n.

e.g. The dog remained faithful to his master.

be able to do sth. 

e.g. Will they be able to finish the work at the end of this year?

Unless you change your mind ( = If you don't change you mind), I won't be able to help you.

occupy vt.

e.g. Many problems occupied his mind. 

Her time is fully occupied with her three children.

contented adj. 

e.g. the lady looked at me with a contented smile.

A contented mind is a perpetual feast.

boredom n.

e.g. Unemployment can drive you mad with boredom.

boring adj.

e.g. It  was boring to sit there without anything to do.

bored adj. 

e.g. We feel quite bored at such a lengthy movie.

possession

Are there any rooms vacant?
Could you reserve a double room for us?
I'd like to book a room for two for May 2nd.
How long do you plan to stay here?
What kind of room would you like?
Sorry, all our rooms are fully booked.
Yes, you can have a room on Friday.
OK.I canbookyouaroomwithabathforMay2and3.
 

8. He was already an expert on the telegraph before he came up with a gadget that sent telegraph signals between unmanned stations. 他发明的这种装置，用于在无人看管的两站之间传输电报信号。在此项发明前，爱迪生就已经是位电报专家了。
expert n.
专家，能手
e.g. The expert suggested they give up the experiment.
专家建议他们放弃这项试验。
expert + on/at/in在某方面是专家
e.g. He is an expert on/at/in lung diseases.
仙旦陆立庄病方而的去宏
e.g. (1) He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.
他想出- -个推广产品的好方法。
(2) The scientists are beating their brains trying to come up with a solution to the problem.
科学家正绞尽脑汁，力求找到解决这个问题的办法。
 

、 作者观点的含义
作者在写文章时，常常用具体的事实来阐明自己对人或事物的见解和看法，这就是作者的观点。有时是指作者总的思想取向，也就是文章的主题思想;有时则指的是对文章中用来突出主题思想的某个具体事实的看法和见解。作者的观点、意图和态度这种信息
 

段落发展:比较与对比
一.比较与对比的含义
比较与对比是通过比较两个事物或--个事物的两个方面的相似点或不同点来发展段落的方法。比较( comparison)是指出事物之间相似之处，对比( contrast)则侧重于事物之间的差异。一般说来，比较与对比都是在同类事物之间进行的，
常常一起使用。
 

一、一般过去时的构成
--般过去时由用动词的过去式构成，即在动词原形后加
ed。
二、一般过去时的用法
(1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与
yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。
e.g. He was here just now.他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了什么事?
--般过去时的用法
注意: 
(1)表示一-系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连接。
e.g. He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared.
他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。
(2) 注意在语境中理解“我刚才原来还不....”.
e.g. -Your phone number again? I didn't quite catch it.
- -It's 2566666.
请再说一.次你的电话号码，好吗?我刚才没听清楚。
 

which 引导定语从句

一般现在时：

构成有三种情况

1：be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它；

2：行为 

I've always liked

I really go for..

I'm really fond of...

I am / get excited about...

I'm crazy about ...

I have a passion for ...

I have a strong interest in ...

synonym and antonym

superordinate words

homophones

homonyms

polysemous words

vocabulary learning 

semantics and context

英语词汇的内涵和外延

内涵是指延申的，隐含的意义

1.段落的基本特征

中心思想

主题句

发展句

结论句

2.完整性

3.习惯性

open

1.一般现在时的三种情况

a.be动词

主语+be+其他

例如：I am a boy

b.行为动词

主语+动词原形+其他

例如:We study  English

2.一般现在时的变化

（1）be动词的变化

否定句：主语+be+not+其他

一般疑问句：Be+主语+其他

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句

（2）行为动词的变化

否定句：主语+do not +动词原形+其他

一般疑问句：Do+主语+动词原形+其他

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句

3.一般现在时的用法

（1）一般现在时表示经常性或者习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间语

（2）一般现在时表示客观存在及普遍真理

（3)现在时表示格言或警句

(4)一般现在时表示目前的情况或状态

（5）以here there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行

（6)一下情况表示将来

在状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时