语音学习 、词汇学习、

大学英语课程的重要性

必修课 统考课

启发思维 开拓视野

全球化背景下交际工具

课程特点：教材针对性强

教学对象明确

autumn-fall,almost-nearly,answer-reply

flour(面粉) flower(花)                                       多义词 Washington(首都或者第一任总统)    constitution(宪法) 

多义词 support(支持或者赡养)

1. 任何交际都是在一定的语境中展开的；任何交际功能的实现都是在一定的语境中通过一定的语言形式实现的。

2、学语言就是要掌握这些语言形式并能够在语境中恰当的使用这些形式实现说话者的交际功能。

Practice makes perfact ！  熟能生巧

语音学习

词汇学习同义词：autumn-fall，almost-nearly，answer-reply

反义词： quick-slow，man-woman，dead-alive

同音异义词：meat-meet，two-woo，flour-flower，night-knight

同字异义词:bank,race,pupil

词汇学习：词块指常用的句套子、常用的短语、词语搭配、

语言与语境：内部语境：不要把母语的的东西加到显示语言中去

语境的双重功能：

语义的解读依赖语境包括文化语境的情景语境：

fall baby sale

which of your people is the fish

不理解语境会造成交际失败

交际功能、语境与语言形式

任何交际都是在一定的语境中展开的。

英语学习的误区、

学习目标的误区：阅读能力还是综合运用能力?或者是考试过关，

听说读结合起来才能实现交际

Practice makes perfect意思是熟能生巧。

Autumn - fall  英語、美语用法 ：秋天

constitution n.  宪法; 体质, 构造

听说读写译。

语音

词汇

语境

Practicmakese

UNIT 1

1、

word study

objective,accompany,argue,define

①objective

a.⑴客观的，真实的。⑵如实的，无偏见的。

We have to accept the objective reality

as it is

我们必须接受客观事实。

The literary critics should be

as objective as possible

in analysis and judgement.

文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。

n.目标，目的。

People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.

人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。

My objective for the present is

to

pass the oral exam.

我目前的目标是通过口试。

②accompany

vt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。。。伴奏

The singer

was accompanied on

the piano by his pupil.

演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏。

The lonely old man

is accompanied by

his dog.

这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。

All orders must

be accompanied with

cash.

所有的订货单必须随附现金。

③argue

vt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论

作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for（赞成）或against（反对）。

She

is

always

ready to

argue over

the smallest issues.

她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。

He often

argues

philosophy

with

James.

他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。

He

argued for

immediate action.

他主张立即行动。

They

argued against

such a policy.

他们反对这种政策。

vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服

argue into（out of）doing sth..   说服某人做（不做）某事。

argued

him

out of going

on such a dangerous journey.

我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。

He argued

that

man was descended from apes.

他论证人类的祖先是猿。

④define

vt.1、解释，给。。。下定义；2、限定，规定。

Work is defined

as

the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force.

功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。

He has defined his position

on

the issues.

他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。

2、

常考句型

1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1

A decision is a choice

made from

among alternative courses of action

that

are available.

2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2

Often managers must make a best guess at

what

the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.

3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3

If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.

4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3

For managers, every decision has constraints

based

on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.

5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4

For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.

6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的---哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6

Decision makers must have some way of determining

which

of several alternatives is best—that is,

which

contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.

7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6

In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.

8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7

Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .

3、

习题

1.单词英译汉

goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity,

2.词组英译汉

in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down

3.句子英译汉

与常考句型相同。

4.Text A 汉译英

决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。

Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.

有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。

Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.

没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。

If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.

不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。

Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.

决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。

Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company.

Decision makers are usually key people who determine the company's business development.

、历年试题

1. Almost everything a manager does _______ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。

答案是

involves .

考点

: involve

为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。

2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _______(make). (99.4)

答案是

to be made

。考点：

to be made

是动词不定式作定语修饰

decision.

3. If you are now_____your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4)

A. in 　　B. at　　 C. between 　　D. among

答案是

A.

4. Almost everything a manager does_____decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4)

A. imposes　　 B. improvise 　　C. involves 　　D. indicates

答案为

C .

5. When______(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems.

答案为

presented .

考点：

present

是过去分词作状语。

6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_____(make) today may have consequences far into the future.

答案是

made .

考点：

make

是过去分词作定语，

修饰

decision .

7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。

答案：

Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be.

1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。

答：

The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals.

2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。

答：

The decision-making process is fundamental to business management.

3. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。

答：

Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making.

4. 虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。

答：

Although we cannot predict the future, we must try t leave as little as possible to chance.

5. 不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。

答：

Different manager define the same problem in different terms.

第1讲 

一、语音学习：1.提高英语语音的准确性。2.要注意连续语流中句子的重音、原音、连续、语调。3.语音学习的主要方法是领会发音的基础上反复模仿、练习复述、背诵。

二、注意同义词、近义词、上义词、反义词

1.同音异义词。2.同形异义词。3.多义词。4.词的联想意义。5.关于此快或者预构成语块。

注意：不能孤立地学习单词，那样学不好英语

三、语义与语境

1.内部语境  2.  文化语境、情景语境。3.间接语境、直接语境4.语境的双重功能（语义的解读依赖于语境）

词汇学习，多一义词同义词。反义词。上义词。下义词。

同义词

反义词

上义词

同音同义词meat-meet\two -too

foour-flower

ninght-knight

多义词

常用的句套子、常用短语、词语搭配

内部语境、文化语境 间接语境

同义词   

autumn(英国用的比较多) -----   fall(美国比较多)

almost-------nearly

answer----------reply

反义词

quick（读音 亏科）--------slow（死露）

tall（高）----short(低)

man-------woman

dead-------alive

上义词

living things 概括所有有生命的东西

creature 动物

animal ： horse  dog  snake

insect

plant 植物

tree  树

flower 花

vegetable 蔬菜

同音异义词

meat----------meet

two------------too

flour（面粉）------flower（花）

night-------knight

同形异义词

bank （of a river 河岸）---------bank（financial institution 银行）

race（contest of speed 比赛）-------race（ethnic group 种族）

pupil(at school)--------pupil(in the eye)

多义词 head  头;头部;头脑;脑筋;领导;主管;位于排行之首;排在前头

top of your body  顶端、头部

top of a company or department （公司或者部门高层）

the mind or brain  大脑、头脑

the part at the top of an object 

词的搭配

light beer  淡啤酒

weak tea  谈的茶

high mountains

tall trees 高的树

wide awake

sound asleep

make a mess 

make a mistake

make the beds

do the huosework

do the shopping

do your test

do your hair

east 东边

west wind  and east wind 东风

在别的国家 东风是冷的

在我们这边东风是暖的，西北风是冷的

所以这边说的冷风 一般是west wind

中国有诗

昨夜西风凋碧树，独上高楼，望尽天涯路

东风破早梅，向暖一支开。冰雪无人见，春从天上来。

预构成语块

常用短语

wait a minute

all the time

once in a while

I'd love to

不要孤立的背单次

语义与语境

不理解文化和语境

词汇学习：

词汇之间的关系：

同义词：

反义词

相近义词：

同义词

同音词

多义词

同义词：autumn（fall）. almost（nearly）. answer（reply）

反义词：quick（slow）. man（woman）. dead（alive）

1、当主语为第三人称单数（he  she  it）时，要在动词后加-s或-es
eg: Mary  likes  chinese
2、当主语为第三人称单数（he  she  it）时，用doesn't 构成否定句
eg: he doesn't like apple

聽說讀寫，交互練習

Practice makes perfect！