直接引语和间接引语
1.定义
直接引语：直接引述别人的话
间接引语：用直接的话转述别人的话。
2.将陈述句的直接引语转换为间接引语
直接引语如果是一个陈述句，变为间接引语时，用“that"引导（that在口语中常省略），同时that从句中的人称，时态，指示代词，时间状语，地点状语等都要做相应的变化。
1）时态的变化
直接引语的时态 间接引语的时态
一般现在时 is 一般过去时 was
现在进行时 is doing 过去进行时 was doing
现在完成时 have done 过去完成时 had done
一般将来时 will do 过去将来时 would do
现在完成进行时 have been doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing
一般过去时 was 过去完成时 had done
当直接引语表达的是客观真理时，变为间接引语时时态不变。
2）代词的变化
直接引语
i --he/she
we--they
you-- i
me--him/her
us--them
this--that
these--those
3)状语的变化
now --then
ago--before
today--that day
this morning/week--that morning/week
yesterday--the day before
yesterday morning--the morning before
tomorrow--the next day,the following day
last week/month--the week/month before
next week/month--the following/next week
here--there
4) 疑问句的直接引语转换为间接引语
(1)直接引语如果是一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由”if “或”where“引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后；若直接引语引述动词为”say"时要改为“ask"等。
he said,"are you from beijing?"
--he asked me if i was from beijing.
(2)直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。
"why are you late?" he asked me.
he asked me why i was late.
注意：改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述词序
5）直接引语是祈使句转换为间接引语
（1）如果祈使句是肯定句，在变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带"to"的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子意思加上"tell,ask,order"等词，构成”tell/ask/order/somebody to do something"'"ask,tell,order"的选择视句子的语气而定。
he said,"lie down,tom".
-he told tom to lie down.
(2)如果祈使句是否定句，那么要在不定式前面加上"not"构成”tell/ask/order somebody not to do something"
"do not swim out too far,boy,"i said.
--i told the boys not to swim out too far.
