I do envy you. You are so lovely .Oh I'mflattered.
You have good taste.
I do envy you. You are so lovely .Oh I'mflattered.
You have good taste.
Giving opinion
Inquiring opinion
Thangs for trying.
I'like to....
You are welcome,
It's my pleasure.
很好,老师讲的很棒
老师讲的很 详细,学到了很多英语词汇。
直接引语时态变化
一般现在时(is)---一般过去时(was)
现在进行时(is doing)---过去进行时(was doing)
现在完成时(have done)---过去完成时(had done)
一般将来时(will do)---过去将来时(would do)
现在完成进行时(have been doing)---过去完成进行时(had been doing)
一般过去式(was )---过去完成时(had done)
代词变化
I--he\she, we--they, you--I, me--him/her, us--them, this--that, these--thoes
时间状语常见变化
now--them, ago--before, today--that day,
this morning/week--that morning/week
yesterday--the day before
yesterday morning--the morning before
tomorrow--the next(following) day
last week/month--the week/month before
next week/month--the following/next week/month
here--there
that为连接词
tell/ask/order sb to do sth
tell/ask/order sb not to do sth
以论文的语言特点:
1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子
2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词语。常用的连接词、过渡词有:because,since,now that,therefore,hence,so
语态
语态是描述句子中动词和参与此动作之主语之间关系的一个术语。当主语是动作的发起者(或之一)时,称为主动语态。
被动态的一般形式:
助动词be的一定形式+及物动词-ed形式
被动态动词组也有不同的时,体形式:
感官动词的被动语态表示:
1.感官动词:hear;help;listen;look;make;observe;see,notice;
watch等,其宾语补足语不带"to"的不定式,但其变为被动态时,该不定式前需要加"to".
the manager made him go out of the office.
He was made to go out of the office(by the m)
we saw him play the violin in the garden.
he was seen to play the violin in the garden.
2.短语动词的被动语态表示:
当短语动词用作及物动词时一般都可以变为被动态。这时短语动词时一个整体,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
The children were well looked after.
the sports meet is put off.
3.被动态的使用场合:
A.把句子的语义重心放在事件本身而不必提到施动者时;
Hundreds of passengers were killed in the crash.
B.不知道施动者是谁,或不愿说出施动者时。
C.为了强调施动者,如果让他出现在主语的位置上不能受到应有的强调时,常用by-的被动句。
D.根据上下文和语境的需要。
4.主动结构表示被动意义
英语中有些动词能以主动结构表示被动意义。这类动词通常都是即可以作及物动词,也可以作不及物动词,当它们作为不及物动词时,往往含有被动意义,如,wash,clean,cook,iron,look,cut,sell,build,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,drive".这类句子的主语通常具有某些内在的特征,能够使动词所表示的动作得以实现或难以实现。
- ing分词的被动态的构成为:Being+-ed分词,
完成体形式为:having been+-ed分词。
Need doing=need to be done
the other day 过去的某一天
super:adj. above the normal比普通的好 superd:adj.very great 非常好 非常优秀
1.hail sb./sth. as sth.把什么称作是什么
2.inspiring adj.鼓舞人的使你想做某事 给人以启发的
3.祈使句 虚拟语气??Imagine if Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein were to visit the United States.(对未来的没有发生的事情进行不可能发生的假设,if 后面的动词用过去式 )
4.turn out 出现
5.hostile: unfriendly
6.dictator独裁者
7.and yet=but
8.loyalty to sb/sth 对什么忠诚
be loyal to sb/sth忠诚于...
9.public figure公众人物
10.excel vi. excel in sth在某方面非常好
11. pass down by mouth 口耳相传
12.notion 理念
13.ideal n.理想/理念
adj.理想的/非常完美的
14. virtue n. 品质/美德
virtuous adj.道德良好的
15.unite v. 团结
16.同位语和插入语?
17.accomplishment
18.definition
19. heroism英雄主义
20.trait n. 特点
21. the bottom line底线/最重要的东西
22.cherish v. 珍惜 怀念 挂念
23.potential n.潜能 achieve full potential 发挥所有潜能
24.keep/bear sth in mind 记住
as引导让步状语从句 as作连词,表示让步状语从句(语气比although/though强),一般要倒装。
eg. Much as I like ice-cream, I never eat much at time. 2. Young as he is, he did a superb job.
25. as such 因此
26. be filled with=are full of sth
27. be apply to 适用于..
28. it was... that/who 强调人或物(强调句式)
写作
说明文:解释概念,来说明事物的特征/本质及其规律。
概念:一般而言,说明文既说事物,阐明事理又给读者提供知识。说明文一般介绍事物的形状/构造/类别/关系,功能,解释事物的特点/演变/远离/含义等等。
说明文的结构:引言,主题和结论。
引言部分,应该足够生动,能够引起读者的兴趣。同时引言部分也许呀明确提出所需要说明的内容,并注意与主题部分的衔接问题。
主体部分主要是对要点的阐述,可以采用分类/作比较/举例方法说明。注意要点之间的衔接和过渡。
结论部分需要我们总结上述提到的重点,再次重申中心内容。
段落的中心思想
emotionally
emotional
either...or...
like chalk...
settle down
larry is a laid-off autoworker ;
wdgw
you must be alert
直接引语和间接引语
1.定义
直接引语:直接引述别人的话
间接引语:用直接的话转述别人的话。
2.将陈述句的直接引语转换为间接引语
直接引语如果是一个陈述句,变为间接引语时,用“that"引导(that在口语中常省略),同时that从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等都要做相应的变化。
1)时态的变化
直接引语的时态 间接引语的时态
一般现在时 is 一般过去时 was
现在进行时 is doing 过去进行时 was doing
现在完成时 have done 过去完成时 had done
一般将来时 will do 过去将来时 would do
现在完成进行时 have been doing 过去完成进行时 had been doing
一般过去时 was 过去完成时 had done
当直接引语表达的是客观真理时,变为间接引语时时态不变。
2)代词的变化
直接引语
i --he/she
we--they
you-- i
me--him/her
us--them
this--that
these--those
3)状语的变化
now --then
ago--before
today--that day
this morning/week--that morning/week
yesterday--the day before
yesterday morning--the morning before
tomorrow--the next day,the following day
last week/month--the week/month before
next week/month--the following/next week
here--there
4) 疑问句的直接引语转换为间接引语
(1)直接引语如果是一般疑问句,将直接引语变为由”if “或”where“引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后;若直接引语引述动词为”say"时要改为“ask"等。
he said,"are you from beijing?"
--he asked me if i was from beijing.
(2)直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,将直接引语变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后。
"why are you late?" he asked me.
he asked me why i was late.
注意:改为宾语从句的间接引语要用陈述词序
5)直接引语是祈使句转换为间接引语
(1)如果祈使句是肯定句,在变为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带"to"的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据句子意思加上"tell,ask,order"等词,构成”tell/ask/order/somebody to do something"'"ask,tell,order"的选择视句子的语气而定。
he said,"lie down,tom".
-he told tom to lie down.
(2)如果祈使句是否定句,那么要在不定式前面加上"not"构成”tell/ask/order somebody not to do something"
"do not swim out too far,boy,"i said.
--i told the boys not to swim out too far.
Inquiring Giving Opinion
阅读部分
推理:根据原文的字面意思,通过分析语篇的逻辑关系和文中提到的细节,进行一定的推理。
预测:根据文章提供的线索来猜测下文可能出现的内容
superb,非常好的;相当于very great
stun 惊恐的 stunning/stunned
Are you a wise guy or something?你在给我开玩笑吗?
put sb.on=to pull sb.'s leg 恶作剧;开玩笑
in turn 转而
one after the other 一个接一个地
goodwill 善意
depend on 取决于;依赖于